TDA-IME Project Final Report June, 2013 14 TABLE 3: The 10 most mangrove-rich countries by area, and their cumulative percentage contribution to the global total area of mangrove forest (from Giri, et al., 2010). Rank Country Mangrove area (ha) % of global total area Cumulative contribution % Region 1 Indonesia 3,112,989 22.6 22.6 Asia 2 Australia 977,975 7.1 29.7 Oceania 3 Brazil 962,683 7.0 36.7 South America 4 Mexico 741,917 5.4 42.1 North and Central America 5 Nigeria 653,669 4.7 46.8 Africa 6 Malaysia 505,386 3.7 50.5 Asia 7 Myanmar 494,584 3.6 54.1 Asia 8 Papua New Guinea 480,121 3.5 57.6 Oceania 9 Bangladesh 436,570 3.2 60.8 Asia 10 Cuba 421,538 3.1 63.9 North and Central America TABLE 4: Change in the estimated total area of mangrove by country, over recent time periods. Country Change in mangrove area Period of change Observations Source Cambodia -23% 1975-1997 94,600 ha to 72,385 ha Mekong Secretariat/ UNDP/FAO (1994) Dept. Forest & Wildlife (1998) Malaysia -27% -26% 1975-2000 1980-2008 All mangrove forest land in Malaysia, including Sabah and Sarawak. State Mangrove Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia only. TDA country report TDA country report Philippines -16% + 7% 1980-2005 1984-2003 Data for Philippines are inconsistent, with wide variation* 232,065 ha to 248,813 ha FAO (2007) TDA country report Singapore -91% +52% 1953-1987 1993-2012 Increase may reflect restoration results, but also changes in methods of assessment. Corlett 1987; Hilton and Manning, 1995; TDA country report Thailand -33% -3.5% 1961-2000 2000-2009 367,900 ha to 245,200 ha 252,751ha to 244,010 ha TDA country report DMCR (2012) Viet Nam -62% +34% 1945-1999 1999-2008 Mangrove cover has increased since 1999 due to national rehabilitation programs Maurand (1943); FIPI (2001); TDA country report * According to Primavera (2000a) 279,000 ha of mangrove in Philippines were destroyed from 1951 to 1988.
Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of Indochina Mangrove Ecosystems
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