INTRODUCTION Gunungkidul is one of the 5 districts and city in Yogyakarta province, located in the Southeast. Geographically, the area is located at coordinates of 110°28’12”-110°50’24” E and 7°46’48”- 8°12’36” S. Gunungkidul consists of 18 sub districts and 144 villages. Gunungkidul has a very interesting physiography; it can be divided into three distinctive landscapes, namely: Baturagung Hills, Wonosari Basin and Gunungsewu Karst. Rock constituents of almost all regions of the Ecosystem of Baturagung Hills is old volcanic material that has undergone much weathering, which include: Formation of Kebo-Butak, Semilir, Nglanggeran, Sambipitu, Oyo, and Wonosari. Wonosari Basin generaly is a basin formed by the folding plateau in the south of Java island that is experiencing peneplain formation. This unit has a height of between 150 to 200 meters asl, which is composed of limestone and clay base material of Wonosari Formation, Oyo, and Kepek. Gunung Sewu Karst Hill is karst is composed by fasises of reef limestone. Geologically, in addition to the dominant reef limestones, there are also an inserted layer of limestone marl, and conglomeratic limestones. Limestone reefs are coloured dirty white to light brown and are compact, solid and hard, with a primary porosity that is quite large. These rocks are composed by corals, algae, foraminifera, mollusca and bryozoa. Karst is a landscape that has relief and typical drainage, caused by the higher degree of rock dissolution compared to other rock types. One rock that is very susceptible to dissolution is limestone. This rock formation can form karst topography characterized with soluble rock, in thick layers, many cracks or diaklas, all associated with high rainfall, and being located at a high elevation. In addition to limestone, karst topography can also be formed on the rock subjected to intense evaporation such as halite, gypsum, and anhydrous. The formation of karst topography is a slow process, with three (3) phases or stages, namely: young, mature, and old or advanced. Karst Biodiversity Case study in Winong Lake From the observation and inventory, it is known that the Winong Lake has a wealth of biodiversity which is quite high, (> 50 spp.) especially in species of flora and insects. This is quite interesting because in karst, it is relatively narrow area. Winong lake has 68 species of flora, 32 species of insects, other arthropods 7 species, 18 species of birds, 13 species of herpetofauna, 8 species of aquatic animals, six species of mammals, and three molluses. Noteworthy is the presence of various types of Ficus spp. on the edge of the lake, two endemic birds, the presence of butterflies and dragonflies as bio-indicators, the existence of jungle cats, and of fish populations blooms that need to be control led . In conservation efforts, it is necessary to take advantage of local knowledge to support these efforts as well as to socialize the importance of this primarily karst ecosystem and lake ecosystem. Winong Lake as one of the biodiversity hotspots within the karst Gunungsewu needing attention. Challenge to Lake conservation and sustainable ecosystem management Our work indicated that Winong Lake was a valuable ecological resource. However on-going challenges to the ecological health of the Lake were indentified and included: • Mining • Unplanned, illegal and ecosystem degrading waste disposal activities • Non-control of non-local invasive species • Irresponsible tourism • Infective water resource management Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the 101 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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