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Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand

INTRODUCTION Gunungkidul  is  one  of  the  5  districts  and  city  in  Yogyakarta  province,  located  in  the  Southeast.  Geographically,  the  area  is  located  at  coordinates  of  110°28’12”-110°50’24”  E  and  7°46’48”-  8°12’36”  S.  Gunungkidul  consists  of  18  sub  districts  and  144  villages.  Gunungkidul  has  a  very  interesting  physiography; it  can  be  divided  into  three  distinctive  landscapes, namely:  Baturagung  Hills, Wonosari  Basin  and Gunungsewu  Karst.  Rock  constituents  of  almost  all  regions  of  the  Ecosystem  of  Baturagung  Hills  is  old  volcanic  material  that  has  undergone  much  weathering,  which  include:  Formation  of  Kebo-Butak,  Semilir,  Nglanggeran,  Sambipitu,  Oyo,  and Wonosari.  Wonosari  Basin  generaly  is  a  basin  formed  by  the  folding  plateau  in  the  south  of  Java  island  that  is  experiencing  peneplain  formation.  This  unit  has  a  height  of  between  150  to  200 meters asl,  which  is  composed  of  limestone  and  clay  base material  of Wonosari  Formation,  Oyo,  and Kepek.  Gunung  Sewu  Karst  Hill  is  karst  is  composed  by  fasises  of  reef  limestone.  Geologically,  in  addition  to  the  dominant  reef  limestones,  there  are  also  an  inserted  layer  of  limestone  marl,  and  conglomeratic  limestones.  Limestone  reefs  are  coloured  dirty  white  to  light  brown  and  are  compact,  solid  and  hard,  with  a  primary  porosity  that  is  quite  large.  These  rocks  are  composed  by  corals,  algae,  foraminifera,  mollusca  and  bryozoa. Karst  is  a  landscape  that  has  relief  and  typical  drainage,  caused  by  the  higher  degree  of  rock  dissolution  compared  to  other  rock  types.  One  rock  that  is  very  susceptible  to  dissolution  is  limestone.  This  rock  formation  can  form  karst  topography  characterized  with  soluble  rock,  in  thick  layers,  many  cracks  or  diaklas,  all  associated  with  high  rainfall,  and  being  located  at  a  high  elevation.  In  addition  to  limestone,  karst  topography  can  also  be  formed  on  the  rock  subjected  to  intense  evaporation  such  as  halite,  gypsum,  and  anhydrous.  The  formation  of  karst  topography  is  a  slow  process,  with  three  (3)  phases  or  stages,  namely:  young,  mature,  and  old  or  advanced.  Karst  Biodiversity  Case  study  in Winong  Lake From  the  observation  and  inventory,  it  is  known  that  the Winong  Lake  has  a  wealth  of  biodiversity  which  is  quite  high,  (>  50  spp.)  especially  in  species  of  flora  and  insects.  This  is  quite  interesting  because  in  karst,  it  is  relatively  narrow  area. Winong  lake  has  68  species  of  flora,  32  species  of  insects,  other  arthropods  7  species,  18  species  of  birds,  13  species  of  herpetofauna,  8  species  of  aquatic  animals,  six  species  of  mammals,  and  three  molluses.  Noteworthy  is  the  presence  of  various  types  of  Ficus  spp.  on  the  edge  of  the  lake,  two  endemic  birds,  the  presence  of  butterflies  and  dragonflies  as  bio-indicators,  the existence  of  jungle  cats,  and  of  fish  populations  blooms  that   need  to  be  control led .   In  conservation  efforts,  it  is  necessary  to  take  advantage  of  local  knowledge  to  support  these  efforts  as  well  as  to  socialize  the  importance  of  this  primarily  karst  ecosystem  and  lake  ecosystem.   Winong  Lake  as  one  of  the  biodiversity  hotspots within  the  karst Gunungsewu needing  attention.  Challenge  to  Lake  conservation  and  sustainable  ecosystem  management Our  work  indicated  that Winong  Lake  was  a  valuable  ecological  resource.  However  on-going  challenges  to  the  ecological  health  of  the  Lake  were  indentified  and  included: • Mining • Unplanned,  illegal  and  ecosystem  degrading  waste  disposal  activities • Non-control  of  non-local  invasive  species • Irresponsible  tourism • Infective  water  resource  management Proceedings  of  the  International  Conference  on  Climate  Change,  Biodiversity  and  Ecosystem  Services  for  the 101 Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDGs):  Policy  and  Practice  27-29  June  2016,  Cha-am,  Phetchaburi,  Thailand


Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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