The second one happened in 2013-2015. Out of 24 families, totaling of 127 people, 4 chin people got punishment of one year in the jail. They were involved in hunting during project period although they hunted in other areas 120 miles far from project site especially in Ayeyarwady Region. Due to inflation rate becoming higher and higher year by year, they wanted more income to cover the cost of children’s higher education. IV. CONCLUSIONS At present, most researches have focused on environmental conservation effects, while few researches have focused on the social and economic impacts of protected areas (Fortin and Gagnon, 1999, Badalamenti, 2000; Van Beukering, 2003). But in this program, we represent a coordinated effort on the small group of local people, Chin tribes, for their sustainable living in and around RYES. More diversified, sustainable and secure livelihood options with local authorities will reduce both poverty and pressure on the region’s globally threatened wildlife. The key approaches and methods used in this project were: 1) supporting the negotiation of incentive agreements and training of joint patrols together with RYES staff to reduce poaching and HEC in RYES ; 2) capacity building and awareness raising among local people on issues of sustainable natural resource management and environmental protection; 3) promoting the generation income for chin families through CF establishment and agroforestry practices and 4) supporting better and sustainable education system for Chin children. The main lessons learned during the project were: • Conservation-related activities should be strategic, and focused on selected community to achieve the most impact. • Technical assistance is needed for project implementation, especially for livelihood- related and sustainable forest resource use, and agricultural practices. • The program has to respond to newly emerging development pressures, especially to poaching and HEC in RYES. • Monitoring should be done frequently especially on their income and household expenses. Because although they have had some improvement in their livelihood during project period, this has not kept pace with Myanmar’s inflation rate. Overall, we learnt that the approach has been successful though it took more than 7 years even for small communities to see strong results and we can use this stewardship program elsewhere where there are key biodiversity areas, and human-wildlife conflict sites. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by funds from USFWS, AEF, IEF, and British Embassy in Yangon, MANA, and FFF/FAO. We are grateful to the staff of RYES/NWCD who helped in many ways to collect and generate the data and information in this project. REFERENCES 1 M . J . , F o r t i n and C. Gagnon, “An assessment of social impacts of national parks on communities in Quebec, Canada.” Environmental Conservation 26, no.03, 1999, 200-211. 2 F. Badalamen t i , A. A. Ramo s , E. Voultsiadou, J.S. Lizaso, G.D’ANNA, C. Pipitone, J. Mas, J.R. Fernandez, D. Whitmarsh, and S.Riggio. “Cultural and socio-economic impacts of Mediterranean marine protected areas.” Environmental conservation 27, no. 02, 2000, 110-125. 166 Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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