II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1) Restore degraded mangrove ecosystems 1.1 Study and assess mangrove ecosystems conducted by mangrove experts in order to be aware of basic data involving geography, ecology, factors affecting mangrove restoration and recommendations for mangrove restoration techniques, as well as preparation of a geographic information system (GIS). The findings (Fig.1) of the aforementioned study were used in mangrove restoration project planning. 1.2 Hold training on capacity development and knowledge building regarding mangrove restoration for related community organizations and agencies conducted by mangrove experts with experience in mangrove restoration using various methods such as restoration based on silviculture principles, planting by Ecological Mangrove Restoration (EMR), exchanging knowledge and experiences with community organizations so there is blending of academic knowledge and a local pool of knowledge on mangrove restoration and so community organizations can implement in their areas as suitable with the area and community needs. 1.3 Work in cooperation with seven community organizations receiving small circulating funds for livelihood promotion for mangrove restoration in line with the concept of Bio-Rights and to restore 453 rai of mangroves (1 ha = 6.25 rai) in the Ban Don Bay area by mangrove restoration in abandoned shrimp farms (Fig.2), mangrove restoration in diminishing mangrove areas, planting supplementary mangroves with economic value and planting mangroves in order to protect erosion of the river banks. Apart from its main objective of increasing the mangrove areas, mangrove planting is also employed as an instrument for raising awareness among local residents and generating cooperation with various agencies. Fig.2 Mangrove restorated in abandon shrimp pond at Takiean Thong district 1.4 Restore mangroves by natural sprouting. Due to an abundant supply of Sonneratia caseolaris (local name:Lampoo) seedlings, approximately 2,000 rai or approx. 320 ha. were available in Liled village, Phunphin. Nevertheless, these Sonneratia caseolaris seedlings tend to be affected by the use of fishing equipment, such as push net fishing boats, trawlers and shell dredges. The project involved the communities to survey and establish boundaries to protect these seedlings and organizes discussion forums to hear public opinion from communities in order to establishing zoning in the Li Let coastline areas. Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the 229 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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