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Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand

Fig.1  Size  distribution  of  dried  water  hyacinth horizontal  furnace  attemperature  of  900ºC  under  nitrogen  atmosphere  (99.999%  purity,  Linde)  for  2  hours  with  a  constant  flow  rate  100  cm3/min. Characterization  of  carbonaceous  material (a) Morphology  o f   hydrothermally  carbonized  product  was  examined  by  Scanning  Electron  Microscope  (SEM,  s3400H,  Hitachi).  The  chemical  composition  and  functionalities  of  such  solid  carbonaceous  product  were  evaluated  by  Fourier  transform  infrared  spectroscopy  using  ATR  (b) mode  (FITR,  Nicolet  (6700,c)   Thermo  Scientific)  scanning with  in  a wave  number  range  of  500  to  4000  cm-1.  Specific  surface  area  and  average  pore  diameter  were  measured  by  N2  sorption  (Belsorp-Mini,  Bel  Japan)  using  BE-Tanalysis. energy  due  to  heat  supply  could  react  with  those  cel lulosic  contents ,   result ing  in  physicochemical  change  in  its  microscopic  properties  9-12.  As  shown  in  Fig.2  (a)  it  could  be  clearly  observed  that  the  microscopic  structure  of  the  dried  water  hyacinth  powder  is  fibrous  with  few  defects.  Meanwhile,  Fig.2 (b)  to  (e)  reveal  that  there  are  significant  difference  in  the  microscopic  appearance  of  the  water  hyacinth  power  which  was  treated  hydrothermally  at  temperature  range  of  160  to  220°C,  respectively.  Similarly,  effect  of  treating  time  of  4  and  12  hours  at  a  constant  treating  temperature  of  180°C  are  depicted  in  Fig.2(f)  and  (g).  All  insets  with  higher  magnification  would  further  confirm  the  remarkable  change  in  their  surface  containing  many  defects  which  could  be  observed  as  irregular  morphology.  All  of  this  visual  evidence  of  clearly  rough  surface  morphology  could  suggest  that  an  increase  in  the  treating  temperature  and  treating  time  for  the  hydrothermal  (a) (b) (c) III.  RESULTS  AND  DISCUSSION Based  on  the  composition  analysis,  a  typical  sample  of  water  hyacinth  contained  38.4%  cellulose,  10.3%  hemicellulose,  18.5%  lignin  and  22.9%  ash.  These  cellulosic  contents  within  the  water  hyacinth  sample  would  generally  be  present  in  the  fibrous  structure  which  could  be  clearly  observed  under  a  microscope. Within  hydrothermal  treatment  process,  water  molecules  with  high  internal  Proceedings  of  the  International  Conference  on  Climate  Change,  Biodiversity  and  Ecosystem  Services  for  the 147 Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDGs):  Policy  and  Practice  27-29  June  2016,  Cha-am,  Phetchaburi,  Thailand


Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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