Fig.1 Size distribution of dried water hyacinth horizontal furnace attemperature of 900ºC under nitrogen atmosphere (99.999% purity, Linde) for 2 hours with a constant flow rate 100 cm3/min. Characterization of carbonaceous material (a) Morphology o f hydrothermally carbonized product was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, s3400H, Hitachi). The chemical composition and functionalities of such solid carbonaceous product were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using ATR (b) mode (FITR, Nicolet (6700,c) Thermo Scientific) scanning with in a wave number range of 500 to 4000 cm-1. Specific surface area and average pore diameter were measured by N2 sorption (Belsorp-Mini, Bel Japan) using BE-Tanalysis. energy due to heat supply could react with those cel lulosic contents , result ing in physicochemical change in its microscopic properties 9-12. As shown in Fig.2 (a) it could be clearly observed that the microscopic structure of the dried water hyacinth powder is fibrous with few defects. Meanwhile, Fig.2 (b) to (e) reveal that there are significant difference in the microscopic appearance of the water hyacinth power which was treated hydrothermally at temperature range of 160 to 220°C, respectively. Similarly, effect of treating time of 4 and 12 hours at a constant treating temperature of 180°C are depicted in Fig.2(f) and (g). All insets with higher magnification would further confirm the remarkable change in their surface containing many defects which could be observed as irregular morphology. All of this visual evidence of clearly rough surface morphology could suggest that an increase in the treating temperature and treating time for the hydrothermal (a) (b) (c) III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on the composition analysis, a typical sample of water hyacinth contained 38.4% cellulose, 10.3% hemicellulose, 18.5% lignin and 22.9% ash. These cellulosic contents within the water hyacinth sample would generally be present in the fibrous structure which could be clearly observed under a microscope. Within hydrothermal treatment process, water molecules with high internal Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the 147 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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