mangroves for future (MFF) has been formed with the ministry’s order number of “10-9- 2014” in September 2014. NCB has been reformed in 2015 with main objective of managing coastal and mangrove resources in effective and sustainable ways. Regarding lesson learnt from Cyclone Nargis’s impacts on mangrove ecosystems, local community in 2008, awareness has been highly enhanced. Except TCZ, ADCZ has been most destroyed and RCZ secondly in the disaster. Mangrove section is being established in Watershed Management Division (WMD) of FD since 2014. Institutional structure has been reformed for twice within 5 years; Ministry of Forestry to Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) in 2011 and MOECAF to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) in 2016 (Figure B3). Results of questionnaire and semi- structured interviews conducted during preliminary survey with 16 local interviewees living among mangroves in Ayeyarwaddy Region confirm that mangrove areas are decreasing by conversion of mangrove into agriculture land/shrimp ponds (56.3% agree), degrading by cutting trees for fire woods and construction (31.3% agree), and (12.5% did not answer). Most of mangrove deforestation was caused by livelihoods needs (87.5% agree and 12.5% did not answer) as 18.8% of respondents are working on agriculture/rice farming, 18.8% on shrimp pond farming, 18.0% on fishing, and 43.8% on both agriculture and shrimp pond farming (Figure B6). Mangrove plantation establishment between 1981 and 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 M plantation 2015 in Myanmar CF Private M plantation NR Other M plantation Area (ha) Tanintharyi 121.46 80.97 668.02 38.46 0 Ayeyarwaddy 5789.47 1604.45 1066.8 60.73 2049.8 Rakhine 997.98 83 0 80.97 58.3 Fig.B6 Mangrove plantation in Myanmar 96 Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Proceedings of International Conference on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development Goals : Policy and Practice 27-29 June 2016 at the Sirindhorn International Environmental Park, Cha-am, Phetchaburi, Thailand
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