ISSN 1880-7682 Volume 18, No. 1 November 2020 ISME/GLOMIS Electronic Journal (ISSN 1880-7682) is published by International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME). Available on-line at http://www.glomis.com. Headquarters: c/o Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0129 Japan. 7 Ecology and physiology A recent study on the adaptation of mangrove trees to different salinity areas in the Ayeyarwaddy Delta Coastal Zone, Myanmar, showed that A. cucullata has an eco-physiology that enables it to tolerate salinities from as low as 0.5 ppt to as high as 28.9 ppt (Win et al., 2019). Among other possibilities, A. cucullata has the potential to enrich mangrove biodiversity by being an alternative candidate species in mangrove eco-restoration schemes (Maxwell, 2016). This new finding enlarges the description by Aksornkoae et al. (1992) that A. cucullata is a back-mangrove species, growing where the salinity is low. Research conducted in Thailand In Thailand, an analysis of the wood anatomical features of 13 Aglaia species including A. cucullata has been conducted (Khaopakro et al., 2015). The wood sample of A. cucullata was obtained from the xylarium (wood library) of the Forest Management and Forest Production Research Office in Bangkok. Compared to the other Aglaia species, the cross-section of A. cucullata wood showed very low vessel density (Figure 4). Figure 4 Cross-section of A. cucullata wood showing very low vessel density (ap = axial parenchyma, f = fibre, v = vessel and r = ray) (From Khaopakro et al., 2015). Subsequently, the timing of leaf flushing, flowering and fruiting (phenology) of 22 tree species including A. cucullata in Bang Kachao Peninsula, a prominent large urban forest along the Chao Phraya River and surrounding Bangkok, was monitored for one year (Pancharoen et al., 2020). Research opportunities It is hoped that this paper will identify and encourage further research on A. cucullata which we believe to be a mangrove tree with much potential. The paper by Win et al. (2019) reported that, in the Ayeyarwaddy Delta Coastal zone of Myanmar, A. cucullata was one of 15 mangrove species belonging to the 0.5‒29 ppt salinity range group. This finding raises questions and invites focused studies of eco-physiology of these species, a point strongly advocated by Maxwell (2015). With regard to the wide salinity tolerance of A. cucullata, some research opportunities include examination of the ecological anatomy of the leaves and pneumatophores. Do the leaves display halophytic adaptations and do the pneumatophores possess aerenchyma cells? What are the salinity
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